Adiposity is not just an overweight in organism. This is a chronic recurring disease, which contributes to display and development of many other chronic diseases. This disease also influences pregnancy. Basic sign of adiposity is overweight in organism. Adipose tissue is a depot (place of accumulation of coming energy). The more adipose tissue you have, the bigger is quantity of “excess” energy, received from food and not consumed.

Where does overweight come from?

Factors of development of adiposity are varied and may act both together and separately. Most popular of them are: peculiarities of behavior (hypodynamia – lowering of moving activity, overeating), genetic predisposition, defects of endocrine system. As a result of numerous researches it was determined that adiposity in childhood is a powerful predisposing factor of adiposity in mature age, especially when one or both parents suffer from it. Thus, if parents have normal weight, only 99% of children suffer from adiposity, if one parent suffers from it – 50%, and if two parents suffer from adiposity – in 70% of cases.

There’s a special center in our brain, hypothalamus, which controls sense of hunger and satiety. Constant overeating leads to defect of work of hypothalamus, and normal quantity of eaten food cannot already suppress sense of hunger, so a person has to eat more and more. Excess food is saved in store in a fat depot, what leads to overweight in organism, i.e. development of adiposity.

What’s overweight?

Doctors use Index of Body Mass (IBM), which is calculated like a ratio of body mass (in kg) to height (in m2). Indices of IBM from 25 to 30 kg/ m2 point out on overweight, and more than 30 kg/ m2 already allow diagnosing adiposity.

According to prognosis of World health authorities’ experts, if present rate of adiposity growth will remain the same, its level will increase in average on 8% by 2010 year, and by 2025 there will be more than 300 millions of people suffering from adiposity in the world. Results of series of epidemiological researches show that in Europe quantity of patients with adiposity in population is about 30%, and with overweight – about 25%.

Possible problems

Pregnancy. During pregnancy auspicious conditions for development of adipose tissue are created, which biological sense is in protection of a future baby. This is caused by hormonal change in female organism, to be exact, heightened synthesis of progesterone and chorionic gonadotrophin (hormones, which support pregnancy) and lack of estradiol, produced by ovaries mainly beyond pregnancy. Action of these hormones causes overweight mainly in breast, buttocks, hips, belly.

Those who suffer from adiposity seldom have pregnancy without complications. Most popular are: gestational diabetes, or diabetes for pregnant, arterial hypertension, hypercoagulability (increase of fibrillation), defects of heart activity, toxicosis, gestosis (it is characterized by increase of blood pressure, appearance of edemas, albumen in urine), infections of urinary tracts, incomplete pregnancy or prolonged pregnancy (state when pregnancy lasts for more than 41-42 weeks), premature discharge of amniotic fluid, birth of a baby with big body mass (more than 4000 g).

The most dangerous complication is preeclampsia – most serious form of gestosis, which main sings are increase of systolic pressure higher than 140 mm of mercury, diastolic pressure higher than 80 mm of mercury, and also proteinuria (loss of more than 3 g of albumen per day with urine). Signs of affection of other systems and organs can also be observed: headaches, pains in belly, defects of sight. While laboratory researches doctors find out increase of level of hepatic ferments, changes in fibrillation system.

Adiposity affects also development of a baby. As it is known, folacin plays main role in formation of nervous system, and while adiposity its interchange in organism of a pregnant woman changes, what may lead to development of defects of fetus’s nervous system.

Childbirth. Not only pregnancy, but also childbirth itself for women suffering from adiposity pass with a series of peculiarities, what is caused by hormonal changes. Internal system, setting childbirth going, remains to be incomplete by the end of pregnancy for such women, and absence of formation of birth dominant (a center of excitement in brain) leads to prolonged pregnancy, and further – to asthenia of birth activity, which weight is increased proportionate to degree of adiposity.

While asthenia of birth activity, which cannot be cured with medicaments, doctors have to use surgical operation (Cesarean section), to prevent a new-born baby’s anoxaemia. But probably, a necessity of Cesarean section will be caused by inconsistency between sizes of mother’s pelvis and fetus, as pregnant women with adiposity, as it was mentioned before, more often give birth to babies with big body mass.

In its turn, surgical operation is also accompanied by big quantity of complications, as thick hypodermic layer worsens healing of postoperative scars.

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